1. 台灣喉鬚鯊 Taiwan Saddled Carpetshark（*Cirrhoscyllium formosanum*）
台灣喉鬚鯊是小型的底棲性鯊魚，全世界只有台灣西南海域有捕獲紀錄，是台灣的特有種。由於牠們是底拖漁業的常見漁獲，科學家推測牠們可能已經面臨過漁壓力，大幅減少。但由於缺乏中長期的研究數據佐證，牠們並沒有受到需要的保護。

2. 斑竹狗鮫 Whitespotted Bamboo Shark（*Chiloscyllium plagiosum*）
斑竹狗鯊因身上黑白相間的斑紋，有如一節一節的竹子而得其名。牠們是小型的鯊魚，最大可長到約一百公分。牠們是住在珊瑚礁及沙地的底棲性鯊魚，在臺灣、澎湖可以見到牠們的蹤跡。牠們行動緩慢，以甲殼類及小魚為食。牠們是卵生的鯊魚：卵鞘上有鬚，會將卵鞘固定在礁岩上，避免被沖走。每個卵鞘裡有一尾胎仔，胎仔在卵鞘內吸收卵黃慢慢長大，約三個月後會脫離卵鞘。台灣北部的富基海域為牠們繁殖的重要區域。

3. 巨口鯊 Megamouth Shark（*Megachasma pelagio*）
巨口鯊有很大的嘴巴而得其名。平常住在很深的海裡，晚上才上升到較淺的海面。
牠們靠過濾海水為食，但是牠們不會積極的游動，而是以大口吞嚥的方法進型濾食，上顎的白帶會發光，能吸引浮游生物前來，再張開大嘴一口吃掉！主要以動物性浮游生物如水母及磷蝦為食。
是全球罕見的鯊魚，花蓮外海是全世界巨口鯊出現紀錄最多的地方。

4. 歐氏尖吻鯊 Goblin Shark (*Mitsukurina owstoni*)
歐氏尖吻鯊以尖而突出的吻部而得其名。牠們是生活在水深200公尺以下的罕見大型深海鯊魚。台灣曾有捕撈到一尾四百七十公分，八百公斤，懷有六尾胎仔的母鯊的紀錄，因此推定龜山島附近有可能是牠們的生殖區。

5. 斑貓鯊 Coral Catshark（*Atelomycterus marmoratus*）
貓鯊科的鯊魚因為有貓般眼睛而得其名。動物眼底的脈絡膜（Choroid）有反光的細胞，在暗處會發光。牠們是小型的鯊魚，體長通常不超過八十公分。貓鯊多為卵生：牠們的卵鞘各形各色，又被稱為「美人魚錢包」。

6. 沙拉真鯊 Spottail Shark (*Carcharhinus sorrah*)
沙拉真鯊是中小型鯊魚，小時候在沿岸活動，長大後則活動於外海。牠們有垂直洄游的習性：白天在海床活動，到了晚上則浮上水表。主要以魚類、頭足類、甲殼類為食。台灣南部、西部、東北部及東部還有澎湖海域均有牠們的蹤跡。

7. 半帶皺唇鯊 Leopard Shark (*Triakis semifasciata*)
皺唇鯊有著修長的體型，背上有橢圓形的斑點。牠們是底棲性鯊魚，主要棲息在淺海，多安靜待在海藻叢、岩地或沙泥底部，以小魚或甲殼類及其它無脊椎動物為食。

8. 鎧鯊 Kitefin Shark（*Dalatias licha*）
鎧鯊是深海鯊魚，生活在1000公尺的海裡。因為身體烏黑，又被稱為為黑豬灌。牠們全身可散發藍色的生物光，是目前所知會自體發光的脊椎動物裡，體積最大的。

9. 鯨鯊 Whale Shark (*Rhincodon typus*)
鯨鯊是最大的鯊魚，也是世界上最大的魚類，可以長到20公尺﹗
牠們的嘴巴很大卻沒有尖銳的牙齒，用吸水來濾食浮游性動植物及小型魚蝦為食。
鯨鯊是最多產的鯊魚，每胎可產下三百尾胎仔。

10. 灰三齒鯊 Whitetip Reef Shark (*Triaenodon obesus*)
灰三齒鯊屬於定棲性魚種：一年的遷移範圍在3公里以內。是夜行性動物，白天時成群於珊瑚礁洞穴中休息，晚上才出來打獵覓食。主要以底棲動物為食，包括魚類、章魚、龍蝦或螃蟹。

11. 日本鋸鯊 Sawshark (*Pristiophorus japonicus*)
鋸鯊目的鯊魚有著長滿鋸齒的長吻，和一對推測有觸覺和味覺功能的觸鬚。牠們的「劍」有很多的功用：可以拿來偵測震動或是電場，也可以用來獵食，在交配期，則是當成和情敵打架的武器。

12. 台灣扁鯊 Taiwan Angelshark (*Squatina formosa*)
扁鯊目的鯊魚因為有著扁平的身體而得其名，牠們的胸鰭很大，如翅膀一般，外觀和魟魚神似。不同的是：扁鯊的鰓裂在頭的兩側，胸鰭和頭部也不相連。牠們的背部通常有美麗的花紋。牠們是底棲性的鯊魚，會把身體半掩埋在沙地裡 

13. 油夷鯊 Broadnose Sevengill Shark (*Notorynchus cepedianus*)
六鰓鯊目被認為是現存鯊魚中最古老的一支，多居住在深海。牠們的特徵是六或七對的鰓裂，且只有一枚背鰭。油夷鯊又被稱為七鰓鯊，是底棲的大型鯊魚，最大可以長到300公分。以其它小型鯊魚、硬骨魚、甲殼類及烏賊為食。

14. 沙勞越絨毛鯊 Sarawak Swellshark (*Cephaloscyllium sarawakensis*）
沙勞越頭鯊遇到天敵時，會吞嚥大量的海水將自己的身體膨脹起來，目的在於嚇走天敵，讓天敵沒有辦法一口將之吞食，或是將自己卡在礁岩間，不被潮浪沖走。除此之外，他們還有著非常獨特的生殖策略：其他的絨毛鯊不是「單卵生（single oviparity）」就是「多卵生（multiple oviparity）」，而沙勞越絨毛鯊的生殖則是介於單卵生與複卵生之間。母鯊的輸卵管育各有一顆卵，但並不像單卵生馬上將卵鞘產出，而是像複卵生將卵保留在母體內一段時間，等到幼鯊發育成形後才將卵鞘生出。科學家將這個新發現命名為「持續性單卵生 （sustained single oviparity）」，另外，這種鯊魚的卵鞘，有別於一般的褐綠色，是透明的呢！

15. 尖齒檸檬鯊 Sharptooth Lemon Shark (*Negaprion acutidens*)	
檸檬鯊因為體色灰黃而得齊名。尖齒檸檬鯊被「國際自然保護聯盟（IUCN）」歸列為被威脅物種之「瀕危種類（EN）」等級。而東沙環礁因為擁有大範圍且多樣化的海草床，成為國際上罕見且極其珍貴的尖齒檸檬鯊護育區。

16. 深海狐鮫 Bigeye Thresher Shark (*Alopias superciliosus*)
狐鯊因為有像狐狸般長長的尾巴像而得其名，又稱長尾鯊。牠們是大型洄游性鯊魚，可以長到6公尺，其中一半是尾巴的長度！牠們是食物鏈頂級的掠食者，獵物包含鯡、鯖、頭足類甚至海鳥；打獵的方式是利用鞭狀的長尾擊昏獵物。狐鯊為胎生，卵在母體內孵化後，胎仔繼續住在子宮內食用母體生產的卵黃維生。

17. 鋸峰齒鯊 Blue Shark (*Prionace glauca*)
鋸峰齒鯊因為體色藍如水，又被稱為水鯊。是大型的鯊魚，最大可以長到400公分。牠們有著瘦長的身型，是泳速度數一數二的鯊魚。主要以追逐硬骨魚類、頭足類為食。喜歡成群結隊一起捕食。牠們分布在世界各大洋，在臺灣東北部及東部海域有分布。 是好奇的鯊魚，會接近人類和船隻進行觀察，所以容易被捕獲。全球六成的鯊魚漁獲是水鯊，導致牠們的族群量大幅減少，在2023年被華盛頓公約列入附錄二。

18. 紅肉丫髻鮫 Scalloped Hammerhead (*Sphyrna lewini*)
ㄚ髻鮫的頭長得像個榔頭：牠們用「榔頭」把最喜歡的食物-魟魚「釘」在海底，然後咬牠們的鰭來吃。這樣的頭部設計也可以讓他們看到上下左右前後將近360度的寬廣視野呢。紅肉丫髻鮫，是洄游性鯊魚，春末及秋初時，在台灣的西半部海域可以發現牠們的蹤跡，宜蘭海域亦是牠們頻繁出沒、交配繁殖的地區。
紅肉丫髻鮫被「國際自然保護聯盟（IUCN）」歸列為被威脅物種之「極危種類(CR)」等級。九個種類的丫髻鮫，全數在2023年被華盛頓公約列入附錄二的物種，限制其出口及貿易。

19. 卡氏尖頷烏鯊 Viper Dogfish（*Trigonognathus kabeyaie*）
卡氏尖頷烏鯊是罕見的小型深海鯊魚，只有三十公分長。只有日本、夏威夷及臺灣東港有發現的紀錄。牠們晚上生活在300到400米的深海，白天則在水深150 米處生活，這樣的生活習性又稱為日夜垂直洄游。牠們主要以硬骨魚為食，可以將自己身體一半大小的獵物一口吞下。 

購買連結:
[https://forms.gle/RpQ2gX6CLvJhoZYBA](https://forms.gle/RpQ2gX6CLvJhoZYBA "2025鯊魚年曆")

1. Taiwan Saddled Carpetshark (*Cirrhoscyllium formosanum*)
The Taiwan saddled carpetshark is an endemic species only found on the west coast of Taiwan. They are small, thin sharks with a long tail. They only grow to about 39 cm long. Only 12 specimens have ever been recorded. Because of this, the species is considered “Data Deficient”, which means though possibly overfished, they are not getting the protection they need.

2. Whitespotted Bamboo Shark (*Chiloscyllium plagiosum*)
The bamboo sharks get their name from the black and white striped patterns on their body, resembling segments of bamboo. They are small sharks that can grow up to about one meter. They are bottom dwellers that inhabit coral reefs and sandy areas. They move slowly and feed on crustaceans and small fish. They are oviparous sharks, which means they lay eggs. The egg cases have tendrils that secure them to the reef to prevent them from being washed away. Each egg case contains one pup, the pup lives inside the case and eats the yolk to grow big. They hatch after about three months. 

3. Megamouth Shark (*Megachasma pelagio*)
The megamouth shark gets its name from its huge mouth. They stay in deep waters during the day and rise to shallower surfaces at night to feed. They take big gulps of seawater and filter it for food. The white mark on their upper jaw glows at night, which attracts plankton, which they then consume in large mouthfuls! They primarily feed on zooplankton such as jellyfish and krill. These sharks are rarely seen. The east coast of Taiwan is possibly a breeding ground for them.

4. Goblin Shark (*Mitsukurina owstoni*)
Although goblin sharks have been living in the deep ocean, relatively unchanged for over 125 million years, not a great deal is known about these rare sharks. The fearsome name comes from their pink-purplish skin, long pointy snout and unique hunting strategy. Goblin sharks thrust their jaw out of their mouth to catch prey.

5. Coral Catshark (*Atelomycterus marmoratus*)
The coral catshark is a vibrantly-colored shark. Their pattern provides camouflage as they swim through the coral reef. They are small-sized sharks that only reach about 70 cm in length. They eat invertebrates and small fish. 

6. Spottail Shark (*Carcharhinus sorrah*)
The spottail shark is a spindle-shaped shark that can grow to approximately 1.6 m long. They can live up to 8 years. They like to eat bony fishes such as bonito and sea bass, as well as octopi.

7. Leopard Shark (*Triakis semifasciata*)
Leopard sharks are named after the black spots on their back. This long, slim shark lives on the sandy bottoms of the ocean. Leopard sharks are remarkably social. They like to hang out in groups, and they are also often found hanging out with other kinds of shark of their size.

8. Kitefin Shark (*Dalatias licha*)
Kitefin sharks live 1,000 meters underwater in the twilight zone. Little light reaches where they live, so they glow in the dark to attract prey. They are the largest bioluminescent vertebrate in the world. 

9. Whale Shark (*Rhincodon typus*)
The whale shark is the largest shark and the largest fish in the world, growing up to 20 meters long! Their mouths are large but there are no sharp teeth inside them. They filter feed on plankton and small fish and by swimming while sucking in water. Whale sharks can give birth to up to three hundred pups at a time, which makes them the most prolific shark. 

10. Whitetip Reef Shark (*Triaenodon obesus*)
The whitetip reef shark got its name from the white tip on its dorsal and caudal fins. They can be found hiding under coral or in caves. They like to cuddle. You can often see them pile on top of each other. 
They do not need to constantly swim to breathe, so they can lay motionless for hours. They often return to the same home cave for days or weeks at a time. They rest during the day, and go hunting at night. 

11. Japanese Sawshark (*Pristiophorus japonicus*)
Sawsharks are rare and unique sharks. They are named for their long snouts, which have sharp teeth sticking out from both sides. They attack their prey by slashing their “saw” from side to side. Sawsharks are sharks, while sawfish are rays. The main difference is where the gills are located: Sawsharks have gills on the sides of their head while sawfish have gills on the belly. Also, sawsharks have a pair of long barbels on their saw, which they use to feel along the ocean bottom. Sawfish do not have them.

12 Taiwan Angelshark (*Squatina formosa*)
Angel sharks are flat-bodied sharks with big fins that make them look like rays. They usually have small white and black dots on their back to help them camouflage into the sandy or muddy ocean floor where they live. They bury themselves in the sand, with only their eyes sticking out to ambush unsuspecting prey that swim by. 

13. Broadnose Sevengill Shark (*Notorynchus cepedianus*)
The broadnose sevengill shark got its name from the presence of seven pairs of gill openings, compared to the five gills of most other sharks. They can reach 3 meters long and weigh up to 107 kilograms. They are deep sea sharks. Because they live at depths, little is known about them. 

14. Sarawak Swellshark (*Cephaloscyllium sarawakensis*)
Swellsharks can inflate their stomach with water or air as a defense mechanism against predators. Sarawak swellsharks have a unique mode of reproduction called ”sustained single oviparity”: they only have one single egg case in each oviduct until the embryo reaches a certain length. This allows them to mature faster than larger species. Another unique thing about this shark is that their egg cases are transparent!

15. Sharptooth Lemon Shark (*Negaprion acutidens*)
The lemon shark got its name by the yellowish body color. They do not migrate far, and often stay in the same place. They feed on smaller sharks, stingrays and bony fish.

16. Bigeye Thresher Shark (*Alopias superciliosus*)
Thresher sharks have a very long tail fin. They use the whip-like tail fin to herd and trap schooling fish by swimming in smaller and smaller circles. They then stun the fishes by whipping the tail. Even though they are expert hunters, thresher sharks are very shy. 

17. Blue Shark (*Prionace glauca*)
The blue sharks are named for their beautiful blue color. They have a long, sleek body which makes them one of the fastest swimming sharks. They are curious animals, known to approach divers and boats. Because of their curiosity, they are also one of the most fished shark species, and their populations have dropped by 80 percent. They are now listed in CITES appendix II, banned from international trading.

18. Scalloped Hammerhead (*Sphyrna lewini*)
Hammerhead sharks are named after their hammer-shaped heads. The unique shape of their head helps them see better than other sharks. They have almost 360-degree vision and can see what is above, below, and behind them. Their favorite food is stingrays. They use a pinning technique to hunt. When they find a ray, they use their flat, T-shaped head to pin them to the ocean floor. They can also use their head to unbury prey that are hiding on the seabed.

19. Viper Dogfish (*Trigonognathus kabeyaie*)
The viper dogfish are small deep sea sharks. They grow up to about 30 centimeters long. They stay at the depth of 300 - 400 m underwater at night, and swim closer to the surface at 150 m during the day. Viper dogfish capture their prey by extending their jaw and have needle-like teeth. They can consume prey half their size, and they most likely swallow their prey whole. They're only found in Japan, Taiwan, and Hawaii.


2025 Shark Calendar

Lear about the sharks on next year's poster

2025台灣的鯊魚年曆物種解說

2025 Shark Calendar Species

鮪魚是熱帶至亞熱帶大洋性魚。利用洋流，可以洄游到很遠的地方。紡錘體的流線型體型，使鮪魚成為最快速的魚類之一，泳速可達時速60-80公里。

鮪魚一共有十五種，以下是在台灣常見的幾種。

學名: *Thunnus orientalis*
英文俗名: Pacific Bluefin Tuna
中文俗名: 太平洋黑鮪魚、黑甕串
最大體長: 3m
最大體重: 300kg
特徵: 
眼睛小。
背部呈深藍色閃藍綠光。
腹部有銀灰斑點/紋 。
是鮪類中胸鰭最短的種。

學名: *Thunnus maccoyii*
英文俗名: Southern Bluefin Tuna
中文俗名: 南方黑鮪，南方藍鰭鮪魚，稱油串
最大體長: 245cm
最大體重: 260kg
特徵: 
胸鰭短。
尾柄隆起部呈暗黃色。
離鰭呈暗黃色帶黑邊。

學名: *Thunnus obesus*
英文俗名: Bigeye Tuna
中文俗名: 大目鮪，大目串，短鮪
最大體長: 250 cm TL male/unsexed
最大體重: 210.0 kg 
特徵:
眼睛大。
體型肥胖。
胸鰭長末端尖銳。
離鰭鮮黃色帶黑邊。

學名: *Thunnus albacares*
英文俗名: Yellowfin Tuna
中文俗名: 黃鰭鮪，又稱為串仔、黃鰭串。
平均體長: 150 cm FL male/unsexed;
最大體長: 239 cm FL male/unsexed;
最大體重: 200kg
特徵:
背部呈藍黑色，腹部為銀白色，體側有銀白小點。
第二背鰭、臀鰭非常長，為鮮黃色。

學名: *Thunnus alalunga*
英文俗名: Albacore Tuna
中文俗名: 長鰭鮪
最大體長: 140公分，為鮪類中體形較小的種
最大體重: 60.3 kg
特徵: 
胸鰭很長，至少體長的50%。
尾鰭葉內側末緣帶白邊。

學名: *Thunnus tonggol*
英文俗名: Longtail Tuna
中文俗名: 長腰鮪，小黃鰭鮪
最大體長: 145 cm FL male/unsexed;
最大體重: 35.9 kg
特徵:
身形修長，尤其是尾鰭部分。
腹部有排列呈水平狀且沒有明顯方向性的銀色斑點。
第二背鰭高於第一背鰭。

學名: *Katsuwonus pelamis*
英文俗名:Skipjack Tuna
中文俗名: 正鰹，煙仔，卓鯤
最大體長: 110 cm FL male/unsexed;
最大體重: 34.5 kg
特徵:
腹部有三到五條暗色縱帶。

出處: 
FishBase
Marine species identification manual for horizontal longline fisherman
https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/
林富家陳文義(2008) 認識鮪魚類中的小兄弟-長腰鮪，水試專訊23期46-47

Tuna are oceanic fishes, and one of the fastest swimmers in the ocean. They can go up to 75 miles per hour. 

There are 15 species of tuna, belonging to the Thunnini subgroup of the Scombridae family. Here are some of the species you can find near Taiwan.

Scientific name: *Thunnus orientalis*
Common name: Pacific Bluefin Tuna
Max length: 3m
Max weight:300kg
Appearance: 
Relatively small eyes compared to other species of tuna.
Black or dark blue dorsal sides, with a grayish-green iridescence.
Bellies dotted with silver or gray spots or bands.
Tips of the pectoral fins do not reach the front of the second dorsal fin.

Scientific name: *Thunnus maccoyii*
Common name: Southern Bluefin Tuna
Max length:: 245cm
Max published weight: 260kg
Appearance: 
Pectoral fins short.
Main caudal keel dull yellow.
Finlets dull yellow with black edge.

Scientific name: *Thunnus obesus*
Common name: Bigeye Tuna
Max length: 250 cm TL male/unsexed
Max. published weight: 210.0 kg 
Appearance:
Large eyes.
Stout body.
Pectoral fin tip pointed.
Finlets are bright yellow with black edges.

Scientific name: *Thunnus albacares*
Common name: Yellowfin Tuna
Common length : 150 cm FL male/unsexed
Max length : 239 cm FL male/unsexed;
Max. published weight:200kg
Appearance:
Metallic dark blue on the back and upper sides and change from yellow to silver on the belly.
Dorsal and anal fins are  very long and bright yellow.

Scientific name: *Thunnus alalunga*
Common name: Albacore Tuna
Max length : 140 cm FL male/unsexed;
Max. published weight: 60.3 kg
Appearance: 
Exceptionally long pectoral fins, which are at least half the length of their bodies.
The edge of the tail fin is white.

Scientific name: *Thunnus tonggol*
Common name: Longtail Tuna
Max length : 145 cm FL male/unsexed;
Max. published weight: 35.9 kg
Appearance:
Body slender, especially towards caudal fin.
Faint rows of colorless spots along belly.
Second dorsal fin is higher than the first.

Scientific name: *Katsuwonus pelamis*
Common name: Skipjack Tuna
Max length : 110 cm FL male/unsexed;
Max. published weight: 34.5 kg
Appearance:
Conspicuous dark bands that run from behind the head to the tail.

Source: 
FishBase
Marine species identification manual for horizontal longline fisherman
https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/
林富家陳文義(2008) 認識鮪魚類中的小兄弟-長腰鮪，水試專訊23期46-47


Thunnini near Taiwan Waters

Commonly seen Tuna species near Taiwan waters

台灣常見的鮪魚

Thunnini Near Taiwan Waters

有天在海邊，路人看了我"Say No To Plastic"的防水包問到:你這是在墨西哥買的對吧?我遇過作家本人喔! 包包是我自己在台灣訂做的，我與路人素昧平生今日初次見面欸。原來，有位芳名Elvira Georgina Molina Arenas的墨西哥人盜用我的圖賣我的設計五年了!

我才是"Say No To Plastic"的創作者。附上草稿的照片佐證。截圖上顯示了照片拍照日期為2017年二月16號。
![Georgina Molina NarwhArt steals art CHN 02](//images.ctfassets.net/dxmy7ayvnqcs/6YCwElxRAz85kelgTDUcAj/fceae2e31b5fb8dcb4c09d74812a9c94/Georgina_Molina_NarwhArt_steals_art_CHN_02.jpg)

這個作品陸續都有公開發表在我們的臉書粉絲頁。
![Georgina Molina NarwhArt steals art CHN 03](//images.ctfassets.net/dxmy7ayvnqcs/AyviMXxIGlQJZ45CEDWLb/efa56b7e84424f9b30fc31ca5aca8349/Georgina_Molina_NarwhArt_steals_art_CHN_03.jpg)
[臉書粉絲頁當時發表的連結](https://www.facebook.com/Congratulafins/photos/pb.100064751618505.-2207520000./1250910928359019/?type=3 "Congratulafins published the art in March 2017")

Congratulafins從2007年就開始利用藝術創作來推廣鯊魚保育，我們製作Say No To Plastic和其他貼紙主要的目的是推廣無塑海洋和公民科學家，貼紙大部份都是無償送給參與的朋友們。
![Georgina Molina NarwhArt steals art CHN 04](//images.ctfassets.net/dxmy7ayvnqcs/6dA15Y88KeKuZUDRWoMMdl/6670f2992c509cc9133cd840e9eafb0d/Georgina_Molina_NarwhArt_steals_art_CHN_04.jpg)

[臉書粉絲頁當時發表的連結](https://www.facebook.com/Congratulafins/photos/pb.100064751618505.-2207520000./1250910928359019/?type=3)

NarwhArt從2018年六月開始將我的創作登在FB，instagram，TikTok上。不過她的po文把我們的©Congratulafins拿掉了，放在自己的圖旁邊，也沒有標示作者或出處。
![Georgina Molina NarwhArt steals art CHN 05](//images.ctfassets.net/dxmy7ayvnqcs/6Gum0fJlIFoKajMbU5kVYp/0af82589601d684abf1285428ebeba9f/Georgina_Molina_NarwhArt_steals_art_CHN_05.jpg)

[Facebook Link ](https://www.facebook.com/NarwhArt/photos/a.508789335896983/1593753360733903/?type=3)

不久之後，Georgina Molina未取得同意，擅自將Congratulafins的創作商品化了。
![Georgina Molina NarwhArt steals art CHN 06](//images.ctfassets.net/dxmy7ayvnqcs/7rTvmIw79oCOTOUGYhA68D/83cf72abd750cb87d7250d2ce8979e0f/Georgina_Molina_NarwhArt_steals_art_CHN_06.jpg)
[Facebook Link](https://www.facebook.com/NarwhArt/photos/a.508789335896983/1717601285015776)
[Instagram Link](https://www.instagram.com/p/Bnb5c31H0Ra/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link)

NarwhArt甚至在Say No To Plastic 放上了自己的商標，在墨西哥販賣我的作品，還跟客戶說是她的創作。
仔細看她販賣的一系列貼紙，風格很不一致。我們的粉絲，應該都知道Say No To Plastic的畫風就是Congratulafins一貫的畫風。那些作品當中，如果還有其他的受害者，大家應該也不會驚訝吧?
![Georgina Molina NarwhArt steals art CHN 07](//images.ctfassets.net/dxmy7ayvnqcs/79OXRAEZvgvWhaUjGP9iPM/c29ee5c5cf78a92a025848a547a73709/Georgina_Molina_NarwhArt_steals_art_CHN_07.jpg)
[Facebook Link](https://www.facebook.com/NarwhArt/photos/a.508789335896983/2895160333926526/?type=3)
[Instagram Link](https://www.instagram.com/p/CByWmYHAoXc/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link)

NarwhArt的Elvira Georgina Molina Arenas有嫖竊藝術創作的事證，她的學術發表，也應該被仔細檢視一番。 
![Georgina Molina NarwhArt steals art CHN 08](//images.ctfassets.net/dxmy7ayvnqcs/4EF6SKCciL4alxRTfPed40/107e41911529e9dee136a2550216e296/Georgina_Molina_NarwhArt_steals_art_CHN_08.jpg)

姓名: Elvira Georgina Molina Arenas
職場: CIB CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES BIOLOGICAS DEL NOROESTE
  Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas Cicimar (CICIMAR)
  Institute Politecnico National
  La Paz, Baja California 
社媒: NarwhArt (Instagram/ FB/ Tictok)
聯絡方式:
  ginagadarene@gmail.com
  hellonarwhart@gmail.com

It has been brought to my attention that Elvira Georgina Molina Arenas has used my art to make products and is selling them without my permission.

I am the creator of the following artwork "Say No To Plastic".
I still have the original sketch. The photo was taken with my phone on Feb 16, 2017 according to the metadata.
![Georgina Molina NarwhArt steals art 02](//images.ctfassets.net/dxmy7ayvnqcs/7GqooNlrngWnEZ2oblJ6lm/6d82d02a23c705fe6eb83a4c07208e09/Georgina_Molina_NarwhArt_steals_art_02.jpg)

Later that year (2017), it was posted on my Facebook fan page "Congratulafins".
![Georgina Molina NarwhArt steals art 03](//images.ctfassets.net/dxmy7ayvnqcs/6Y5eqvDQ91G285Mm8rJDGL/99eaca4578250084258d09c14c3d2f79/Georgina_Molina_NarwhArt_steals_art_03.jpg)
[Link to original post](https://www.facebook.com/Congratulafins/photos/pb.100064751618505.-2207520000./1250910928359019/?type=3 "Congratulafins published the art in March 2017")

Congratulafins uses my art to promote citizen scientists and plastic free ocean. We give most of these stickers out to school children during our outreach programs free of charge to raise awareness.
![Georgina Molina NarwhArt steals art 04](//images.ctfassets.net/dxmy7ayvnqcs/44h1DMLAzBnfI0UcycugAY/f7824dd6131d744031c26dfc3fedcfae/Georgina_Molina_NarwhArt_steals_art_04.jpg)
[Link to original post](https://www.facebook.com/Congratulafins/photos/pb.100064751618505.-2207520000./1250910928359019/?type=3)

On June 17th 2018, Narwhart posted my work on her social media accounts such as Instagram, FB, TikTok, etc. She cropped out my copyright, and didn't mention the source or author. 
![Georgina Molina NarwhArt steals art 05](//images.ctfassets.net/dxmy7ayvnqcs/enqu2fwrowX1vfR5EHZVB/b784165e520d2205eee2f8eeb5aae668/Georgina_Molina_NarwhArt_steals_art_05.jpg)

[Facebook Link ](https://www.facebook.com/NarwhArt/photos/a.508789335896983/1593753360733903/?type=3)

Later, she merchandised my art without permission.
![Georgina Molina NarwhArt steals art 06](//images.ctfassets.net/dxmy7ayvnqcs/7nCvC9eJYq1YEWUwO57f5V/b3fe3d3311fb7d29e9e810f4bab598f2/Georgina_Molina_NarwhArt_steals_art_06.jpg)
[Facebook Link](https://www.facebook.com/NarwhArt/photos/a.508789335896983/1717601285015776)
[Instagram Link](https://www.instagram.com/p/Bnb5c31H0Ra/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link)

She put her own trademark on "Say No To Plastic", and tells customers that it's her work.
Look at these stickers that she claims are her work. They are pretty inconsistent in style probably because they are not from the same artist. 
![Georgina Molina NarwhArt steals art 07](//images.ctfassets.net/dxmy7ayvnqcs/6q3CJ2D7gRdiJveeDksef5/6eaf7f78a54d98ca0b916c5d395d1246/Georgina_Molina_NarwhArt_steals_art_07.jpg)
[Facebook Link](https://www.facebook.com/NarwhArt/photos/a.508789335896983/2895160333926526/?type=3)
[Instagram Link](https://www.instagram.com/p/CByWmYHAoXc/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link)
Georgina Molina the creator of NarwhArt has been found claiming other people’s art as hers. What else is she falsifying?
![Georgina Molina NarwhArt steals art 08](//images.ctfassets.net/dxmy7ayvnqcs/734yuE4UzHd4fyNRQdbu7A/7a5c09ea00c9ab49e74a8dbb7d178ca7/Georgina_Molina_NarwhArt_steals_art_08.jpg)

Name: 
    Elvira Georgina Molina Arenas
Work: 
    CIB CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES BIOLOGICAS DEL NOROESTE
    Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas Cicimar (CICIMAR)
    Institute Politecnico National
    La Paz, Baja California 
Social Media: 
    NarwhArt (Instagram/ FB/ TikTok)
Contact: 
    ginagadarene@gmail.com
    hellonarwhart@gmail.com


NarwhArt steals art 01 CHN

NarwhArt steals art 01

NarwArt 的 Elvira Georgina Molina Arenas  未經同意用販賣我的作品還聲稱是她的創作。

Elvira Georgina Molina Arenas of NarwArt used my art to make products and is selling it without my permission.

NarwhArt的Georgina Molina-Arenas盜用Congratulafins的圖

NarwhArt Georgina Molina-Arenas stole my artwork

當金牛緩緩爬過辛丑年之際，壬寅年也將迎來滶游海中的水虎。身為研究鯊魚的海洋生物學家，當然要趁這個機會跟大家好好介紹海洋中那些屬'虎'的軟骨魚類。
屬虎的鯊魚當然首推頭號殺手'Tiger' shark（*Galeocerdo cuvier*），中文叫鼬鮫（鼬鯊），是鯊魚攻擊裡面最常出現的種類，身上有老虎般的條狀斑紋，至於為何會稱做'鼬'鮫，不知道是因為牠的肉有股特殊味道，讓人不甚喜歡？抑或是因為'鼬'這個字是由最多的橫條跟直條所構成？仍不得其解。鼬鮫像酒醉的流浪漢，能吃的吃，不能吃的也吃，曾在肚子裡面發現過車牌、交通錐等亂七八糟的東西，漁民還觀察到牠很常吃海鳥，所以用台語稱呼牠為'鳥鯊'。
接著是鼠鯊目（Lamniformes）裡Sand 'tiger' shark家族（Odontaspididae spp.）的成員，有砂錐齒鯊（戟齒砂鮫）、凶猛砂錐齒鯊（Smalltooth sand tiger）、大眼砂錐齒鯊（Bigeye sand tiger）三種，台灣海域有記錄到前兩種。鼠鯊目的鯊魚都是行食卵型胎生的生殖模式，也就是受精卵孵化成小鯊魚還在媽媽肚子裡的時候，母鯊會持續排出卵莢到子宮給這些小鯊魚食用，砂錐齒鯊因而被觀察到有明顯子宮內殘食（長比較快、比較大的鯊魚，會把同一子宮內其他後來孵出的兄弟姊妹們吃掉）的現象。這類鯊魚的牙齒尖長且突出，所以台灣的漁民以台語稱做「齴（giàng）牙仔」。
第三種是大尾'虎'鮫（*Stegostoma fasciatum*），在中國被叫做豹紋鯊。是虎還是豹呢？原來這種鯊魚，小時候身上是老虎條紋，長大卻變成了花豹斑點，相較於凶猛的虎豹，牠的英文名字則是比較溫馴的斑馬（Zebra shark）。很多水族館都會飼養大尾虎鮫，同時被多次記錄到孤雌生殖（Parthenogenesis，雌鯊魚沒有跟雄魚交配便自己產出後代）的情形。
Bullhead sharks（Heterodontiformes spp.），這類鯊魚明明屬牛啊（'Bull'head），怎麼會屬虎？因為分類學上這個目的中文名為「'虎'鯊目」，台灣則叫做異齒鮫目，因為牠們的顎部前段牙齒尖銳，後段牙齒則為寬扁狀，前後大相徑庭，另外牠的外皮則是製作日本料理店裡面磨山葵用的磨泥板上好的材料。
斑鬚鮫（*Orectolobus maculatus*）、日本鬚鮫（*O. japonicus*）、頭鮫（*Cephaloscyllium spp.*）及皺唇鯊（*Triakis scyllium*）。雖然鬚鮫跟後面兩類鯊魚在分類上是完全不同目的物種，但是因為身上的條狀斑紋，所以一些漁民或海產業者會以台語直接稱做'虎'仔鯊，在基隆和平島的海產街偶爾會看到這一類的鯊魚出現。前面那兩種鬚鮫也會被叫做豆腐鯊，跟鯨鯊一樣，都是因為肉的顏色白得像豆腐一樣而得名，不過還未列入保育類。
除了鯊魚之外，魟魚裡面窄尾魟屬（genera Himantura）的兩、三個種，譬如在台灣會看到的豹紋窄尾魟（*H. leoparda*）及花點窄尾魟（*H. uarnak*），中文都被暱稱為豹紋魟，有些漁民則是會叫牠們'虎'皮魟。
最後還有這類大家比較不熟悉的深海「怪物」--Chimera。雖然跟鯊魚、魟魚一樣都屬於軟骨魚類，但是牠們的上頷與頭蓋骨相連，所以屬於全頭亞綱（Holocephali），這類軟骨魚中文叫銀鮫，在宜蘭大溪漁港常會出現的黑線銀鮫（*Chimaera phantasma*）跟箕作氏兔銀鮫（*Hydrolagus mitsukurii*），被叫做白魚'虎'。在台灣長得像但比較大的魚類會被叫做XX舅，譬如灰鯖鮫叫做煙仔鯊，長得很像但體型更大的長臂灰鯖鮫跟大白鯊就叫煙仔鯊舅；如果是某種魚類的天敵，或者是有點像但看起來明顯凶猛很多的就會叫XX虎，譬如很愛吃飛烏（飛魚）的鬼頭刀就叫飛烏虎。白魚虎尤其是大型的個體，價錢不斐，以前學弟做研究採樣要花費很大功夫才能採到，常常魚都還在船上就被預定走了，有機會去大溪可以注意看看。
這些軟骨魚雖然屬'虎'，卻是虎落平陽被犬欺，見到牠們的時候，往往是在漁港、魚市場、海產店、餐桌上，很難想像牠們還在海裡的時候是何等美麗。希望經由我的介紹，大家能夠多認識牠們一點，也許未來有機會能夠在海裡面與之相遇。虎年，就祝大家虎虎生魟吧！

Written by Dr. Huahsun Hsu

2022 is the year of the tiger according to the Chinese zodiac. Therefore, we’d like to introduce some of the sharks and rays that have “tiger” in its name.

Let's start with English. There is the Tiger shark and Sand tiger shark. 

__Tiger sharks__  (*Galeocerdo cuvier*) are named because of their stripes, and they are also known as the garbage can of the ocean. They eat fish, squid, birds, seals, sharks, turtles, and sometimes things that are not edible such as license plates and tires.

__Sand tiger sharks__ (Odontaspididae spp.) are a group of three species.  They live in the sandy shorelines, hence the name. Sand tiger(*Carcharias taurus*) pups eat their siblings while in mom’s uterus: the first embryo in the uterus feeds on its sibling embryos-a phenomenon known as adelphophagy (fraternal cannibalism). 

Next is Mandarin: 
The Chinese character for tiger is 虎 (pronouned hŭ )。

In Taiwan, zebra sharks (S*tegostoma fasciatum*) are called __大尾虎鮫__ (literal translation: Big-tailed tiger shark). However, in China, they are called leopard sharks. Why the discrepancy? Turns out, zebra sharks have stripes when they were born, but their stripes turn into spots as they mature! Zebra sharks have been recorded to give birth to pups without mating, which is called parthenogenesis. 

The order Heterodontiformes. This order is called 虎鯊目, the tiger shark order, in China. Bullhead sharks belong to this order.

In Taiwan, fishermen often give fish with stripes nicknames associated to tigers. 

Wobbegong sharks (*Orectolobus maculatus*) and leopard sharks (*Triakis scyllium*) are often referred to as 虎仔鯊 (tiger sharks) by Taiwanese fishermen. 

Himantura is a genus of stingrays with spots. They are commonly called leopard rays, but some fishermen give them the nickname of 虎皮魟 (tiger skin ray).

Fish that are big or look fierce also are often given nicknames associated with tigers. Chimaera is one of them. Silver Chimaera (*Chimaera phantasma*) is nicknamed 白魚虎 ( white fish tiger) in Taiwan. 

The Japanese word for tiger is トラ(pronouned tora )。 
In Japanese, the family Scyliorhinidae (catsharks) are called the とらざめ科, the tiger shark family. 

What about in your language? 
May you meet many species of “ tigers” this year!


sharks with the word tiger in their names

Tiger sharks

虎虎生魟

Year of the Tiger

海洋大學鯊魚實驗室為砂錐齒鯊增添自１９５５年被發現以來，第九筆的物種紀錄。此紀錄是大眼砂錐齒鯊 (*Odontaspis noronhai*)第一筆在西北太平洋的紀錄：形態學和ＤＮＡ的鑑定，此標本應為大眼砂錐齒鯊，然而牠的牙齒與過去的紀錄並不一致：此標本的牙齒排數比過往的紀錄都來得少，並且幾乎所有的牙齒都在左右兩側有兩個尖突，而過往的紀錄都只有一個，因此推測是新的亞種。

資料來源: 
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5094.1.3
插圖 by [5 Gills Design](https://www.fivegillsdesign.com "5 Gills Design Website")


A new record of the rare Bigeye Sand Tiger shark from the northwestern Pacific has been documented by National Taiwan Ocean University’s Shark Lab. 

The location of its capture, morphology and DNA indicates that the specimen is a bigeye sand tiger shark (*Odontaspis noronhai*).  However, upon close inspection, the dentition of the specimen is different from all other specimens by having two cusplets on at least one side of cusps on most of the teeth (vs. only one cusplet per side), and lower total tooth count (29/29 vs. 34–38/37–46), therefore it is speculated to be a new subspecies.

Source: 
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5094.1.3
illustraion by [5 Gills Design](https://www.fivegillsdesign.com "5 Gills Design Website")

New subspecies of Odontaspis noronhai

這個標本外表和其他大眼砂錐齒鯊一樣，但是海大鯊魚實驗室鑑定之後，發現一些不尋常之處

This specimen looks and has similar DNA to other bigeye sand tiger sharks, however upon close inspection...

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